Air Conditioner Compressor Types
Air conditioners have turned out to be a necessity in every home, particularly during hot Indian Summers. Among the vital parts inside every air conditioning unit, the compressor is perhaps the most important part in the whole AC. This is because the compressor has a significant impact on the cooling mechanism. Therefore, it is good to learn about the different types of air conditioner compressors to make a wise decision when purchasing an air conditioning unit.
What Is an Air Conditioner Compressor?
The air conditioner compressor is the most important part of the air conditioning system. This is where the refrigerant gas is compressed and passed through the system in order for the removal of heat from the air inside the room.
When the refrigerant gas is compressed, its temperature and pressure increase. This high pressurised gas is then passed through the condenser, where heat is removed, and cool air is produced inside the room.
The compressor acts as the central part of the air conditioner, and its function is to pump the refrigerant gas through the system.
How an AC Compressor Works
The AC compressor works by being a component of the refrigeration cycle. It compresses the low-pressure refrigerant gas from the evaporator. This helps the refrigerant move through the condenser and release the heat outside the room.
After the refrigerant cools and expands again, it starts to cool the air inside the room, leading to the cool feeling that we get.
The AC cannot cool the air without a compressor since the refrigerant cannot circulate without it.
Why the Compressor is Important in AC Systems
The compressor is a vital component in the air conditioning system. It is responsible for the efficiency with which the refrigerant moves in the system.
Using a quality compressor in the air conditioning system ensures effective cooling, reduced energy consumption, and a longer lifespan. On the other hand, a malfunctioning compressor may cause poor cooling, weird sounds, and failure.
Therefore, it is worth learning about the different types of AC compressors, especially when buying a new air conditioner or replacing a malfunctioning compressor. A poorly functioning compressor is also one of the most common reasons why AC gas runs low faster than expected.
Types of AC Compressors
There are different types of compressors used in air conditioners depending on the type and cooling capacity. Below are some of the most popular types of HVAC compressors that are used in AC units.
1. Reciprocating Compressor- The working principle of a reciprocating compressor is similar to that of an engine in a car. It has a piston that moves up and down in order to compress refrigerant gases.
It is widely used in small and medium-sized air conditioners due to its simplicity and high cooling capacity.
2. Rotary Compressor- The working principle of a rotary compressor is similar to that of blades that rotate in order to compress refrigerant gases in a sealed compartment.
The compressor is widely used in modern split air conditioners due to its low vibration and smooth operation.
3. Scroll Compressor- The scroll compressor has two spiral-shaped components, with one component being stationary and the other rotating in a circular motion to compress refrigerant gas.
This type of compressor is known to be efficient, quiet, and reliable, making it suitable for high-end air conditioners and HVAC systems in commercial buildings.
4. Screw Compressor- The screw compressor has two helical screws that rotate to compress refrigerant gas in its chamber.
This type of compressor is commonly used in large HVAC systems, industrial air conditioning systems, and commercial buildings due to its efficiency in cooling large volumes of air.
5. Centrifugal Compressor- A centrifugal compressor employs a high-speed rotating impeller to compress the refrigerant through the principle of centrifugal force. The compressor does not employ pistons or rotary screws to compress the refrigerant but relies on the high-speed rotation of the impeller to spin the gas outward, thus increasing its pressure.
The compressor is mainly employed in large commercial air conditioning systems that require a high cooling capacity.
Comparison Table of AC Compressor Types
| Compressor Type | Usual Application | Primary Benefit |
| Reciprocating Compressor | Window AC, older split AC models | Effective cooling |
| Rotary Compressor | Split AC, portable AC, tower AC | Noiseless and vibration-free |
| Scroll Compressor | Inverter split AC, cassette AC, central AC | High efficiency |
| Screw Compressor | Commercial air conditioning systems, central AC systems | Cools large spaces |
| Centrifugal Compressor | Industrial cooling plants, large buildings | Cools large spaces |
The above comparison enables consumers to easily identify the type of compressor used in various air conditioning systems.
Which Type of Compressor Is Used in Split AC?
Most modern split AC devices use rotary or scroll compressors. Rotary compressors are commonly used in standard AC devices due to their compact and efficient design, while scroll compressors are used in advanced AC devices due to their quiet and efficient operation.
Which Compressor Type Is Used in Window AC?
Window AC units use reciprocating or rotary compressors. Earlier, reciprocating compressors were used in most window AC units. However, modern window AC units use rotary compressors, which are more compact and efficient and have fewer vibrations.
Which Compressor Type Is Used in Portable AC?
Portable AC units use rotary compressors, which are more compact and efficient. They operate quietly and have fewer vibrations, thus making them suitable for use in portable AC units. They can fit inside the portable AC unit, thus providing efficient cooling to rooms.
Which Compressor Type Is Used in Central AC?
Central AC units use screw or scroll compressors. Scroll compressors are used in most central AC units used in homes. They are efficient and have fewer noise problems. Screw compressors are used in commercial spaces, which require higher cooling capacity.
Which Compressor Type Is Used in Tower AC?
Tower air conditioners generally use rotary compressors. The rotary compressor is a suitable type of compressor for tower AC because it is compact, reliable, and has the ability to provide consistent cooling to a larger room.
Which Compressor Type Is Used in Cassette AC?
Cassette air conditioners generally use scroll compressors. The scroll compressor is a suitable type of compressor for cassette AC because it provides efficient performance, low noise levels, and stable cooling.
Inverter vs Non-Inverter AC Compressors
Air conditioners that are being used today can be classified based on the mode of operation of the compressor. There are two types of AC compressors: inverter and non-inverter types.
Inverter Compressor
An inverter compressor is one that has the ability to vary its speed according to the cooling needs of the room.
This way, the AC will be able to maintain the temperature at the same level while using less power and running more efficiently.
Non-Inverter Compressor
A non-inverter compressor simply runs at full speed until the temperature is achieved and then comes to a complete stop.
Though they are cheaper, they use more power as they tend to start and stop frequently.
AC Compressor Gas Types
The gas utilized by the refrigerant within the AC compressor is another significant aspect of air conditioning systems. Different air conditioning systems utilize different AC compressor gas types depending on their efficiency and environmental impacts.
- R22- R22 has been utilized by traditional air conditioning systems for a long time due to its efficiency in cooling. However, it is now being phased out by various governments due to its adverse effects on ozone depletion.
- R410A- It is a new refrigerant gas utilized by air conditioning systems. It is more efficient compared to R22 refrigerant gas. In addition, it is more environmentally friendly compared to R22 refrigerant gas.
- R32- This refrigerant gas is a new refrigerant that is becoming popular among air conditioning system manufacturers. It is more efficient compared to other refrigerant gases. In addition, it is more environmentally friendly compared to other refrigerant gases.
Factors to Consider When Choosing an AC Compressor
When choosing an AC compressor, there are several factors that need to be considered in order to ensure that it functions efficiently.
- Cooling Capacity- The compressor should have the capacity that matches your room size in order to ensure that it cools efficiently.
- Energy Efficiency- The compressor should be energy efficient in order to save on energy costs, thus reducing your electricity bills.
- Noise Level- Some compressors are quiet, and if you are planning to install an AC in your bedroom, you should choose one that is quiet.
- Durability- A compressor that is durable can last for several years without needing frequent repairs.
- Compatibility with Refrigerant- The compressor should be compatible with the refrigerant.
Common Problems that AC Compressors Face
Despite the fact that AC compressors are built to last for a long time, they still face some common problems that arise due to wear and tear.
- Overheating- Overheating of the AC compressor occurs due to the blockage of the airflow and the compressor working harder than usual.
- Electrical Problems- The AC compressor may also face electrical problems due to faulty wiring and the capacitor.
- Refrigerant Problems- The AC compressor may also face refrigerant problems due to low refrigerant levels.
- Unusual Sounds-Grinding, rattling, and buzzing sounds may also be produced by the AC compressor.
- Failure of the AC Compressor- The AC compressor may also completely fail.
Tips to Maintain Your AC Compressor
Proper maintenance is required for the smooth operation of your AC compressor. This will ensure that your AC compressor does not break down in the near future.
- Schedule Regular Servicing for Your AC- Proper maintenance by a professional will ensure smooth operation of your AC compressor.
- Clean Your Condenser Coils- Dirty condenser coils will make your AC compressor work harder to discharge heat. This will lead to a breakdown in the near future.
- Refrigerant Levels- Proper refrigerant levels are required for smooth operation. Low refrigerant levels will affect your AC compressor in the near future.
- Proper Air Flow Around Your Outdoor Unit- Proper air flow is required for smooth operation. Any obstruction in the air flow will lead to a breakdown in the near future.
- Keep Your Outdoor Unit Clean- Leaves and dust around your outdoor AC will affect your AC compressor in the near future.
- Check Your Electrical Connections- Proper electrical connections are required for smooth operation. Any problem in your electrical wiring will lead to problems in starting your AC compressor.
- Avoid Overworking Your AC- Avoid setting your thermostat to very low temperatures. This will affect your AC compressor in the near future.
Regularly maintaining your AC compressor ensures that it works efficiently and extends its life.
Conclusion
Knowing the different kinds of air conditioner compressor types helps you make the right decisions when buying an AC. A compressor is the heart of the AC system that helps circulate the refrigerant and facilitate the cooling process. There are different compressors available for air conditioners based on their design and cooling requirements. With the advancement in technology, compressor technology has improved significantly. From reciprocating compressors to rotary compressors and now inverter technology compressors, each compressor has its own benefits. With the right compressor technology, you not only enjoy the best cooling experience but also extend the lifespan of your AC.
FAQ’s
1. What are the different AC compressor types?
Ans- The main compressor types used in the AC system are reciprocating compressors, rotary compressors, scroll compressors, screw compressors, and centrifugal compressors.
2. What kind of compressor is best for a split AC?
Ans- The rotary compressor and the scroll compressor are the best kinds of compressors for a split AC. These compressors are the best choices for a split AC because they provide the best cooling experience with the quiet operation of the AC.
3. What is a non-inverter compressor?
Ans- The non-inverter compressor runs at a fixed speed. It switches on and off depending on the room temperature.
4. Can I change refrigerant gases used by the AC compressor?
Ans- Changing refrigerant gases is generally not advisable, as it is intended for a particular type of gas only.
5. How can I find out what kind of compressor is used by the AC?
Ans- You can check the specifications of your AC from the product manual or product label.
6. What is the most efficient kind of AC compressor?
Ans- Inverter compressors and scroll compressors are more efficient compared to other traditional compressors like reciprocating compressors.
7. How long does an AC compressor last?
Ans- The average lifespan of an air conditioner compressor is 10-15 years if it is maintained properly.
8. Is it costly to replace a compressor?
Ans- Replacing a compressor is costly, as it is one of the most important parts of an air conditioner.
9. Can a damaged AC compressor be repaired?
Ans- Yes, some electrical damage can be repaired; however, mechanical damage is more common, requiring replacement of the entire compressor.
10. What are some common reasons for a damaged AC compressor?
Ans- Common reasons for a damaged AC compressor are refrigerant leaks, electrical faults, overheating, lack of maintenance, and overloading of the air conditioner.
11. What is HVAC?
Ans- HVAC is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning. HVAC is short for systems for temperature, ventilation, and air conditioning in homes and buildings.